Friday, May 29, 2015

Singapore - Kuala Lumpur High Speed Rail issue

Purposes for High Speed Rail (HSR) press conference: 

1) To summarize helpful results from scholar paper to present HSR experiences of the countries which have been operating HSR system with long history.

2) To spark the discussion and conversation in the public about HSR system so that the government could gather opinions from the people, businessmen and NGOs before the implementation of the mega project as this is an important issue relevant to all taxpayers.

3) Based on the paper we studied, there are positive and negative lessons that we should pay attention to. We hope to foresee certain related circumstances that may happen and sort out the problems in advance. We also hope the government can bring out solutions in pro-active way. 

4) We urge feasible studies has to be done, a group of panels should be organized including government officers, by partisans and NGOs. 

5) Based on the study, there are too many unkown parameters and dynamic changes for HSR project, we would like to know structure and design, construction cost, partnership, connectivity, economic and regional impacts, profitability......accordingly of Malaysia HSR project. The government is responsible to clarify clearly and to be transparency in disclosing relevant information to the public. 

6) Finally, we would like to emphasize that as this mega project is related to the whole nation and taxpayers, it is necessary to explore and reserach in-depth before implementing. 

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Part A

A. Motivation 
Japan: 1) high traffic demand
           2) Reduce travel time
           3) Rapid economic growth with large metropolitan centres
France: 1) high traffic demand
             2) Reduce travel time
             3) Connect cities of significant size
             4) Relief congestion of railway
             5) Profitable with the link with Paris
Germany: 1) freight transportation
                 2) Profitable for freight traffic
Spain: 1) political rationale (Expo’92) 
           2) Promote economic growth
           3) neither choose congested corridor nor connect populated cities
Italy: 1) low share of rail traffic
         2) Air transport is not convenient for main cities due to short distances

A.1 Demand
Japan         
France       
Germany   
Spain         X
Italy          √ 

A.2 Development & sustainability of corridor   (* mega cities originally)
Japan: Tokyo*
           Osaka*
           Nagoya
France: Paris*
             Lyon*
Germany: North-South (industrial corridor)
Spain: Madrid*
           Seville

A.3 Competition 
1)Its comparative advantage would seem to lie on routes that range from between 100 to 500 miles. Over shorter distances, HSR finds it difficult to compete with road transportation, while over longer distances air transportation takes the upper hand. 
2) France: HSR influences air traffic 
3) Spain: HSR influences air traffic

A.4 Freight or Passengers?
Japan: Freight and passengers
France: Passengers
Germany: Freight and passengers
Spain: Passengers
Italy: Passengers

Part A Questions:
1) What is the motivation of Malaysia building HSR? Do we have demand? 
2) How is it compatible to Malaysia economic development? 
3)  How does Malaysia HSR system effect the usage of road transportation and air transportation?
4) How about the influence on Singapore-KL direct flight route?
5) Is the HSR fare competitive with air traffic or road transportation?
6) What kind of plan should be made to be feasible and profitable in order to break even the cost spent? 
7) How is the calculations of construction cost, operational cost and profits and returns of SG-KL HSR route? 
8) What kind of services do Malaysia HSR plan for? Freight or passengers? 

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Part B 

B.1 Connectivity
Germany: 1) operational deficits due to widespread of population and small size of cities
                 2) high regional transportation cost
                 3) negative commercial speed
1)low population densities lead to higher accessibility needs, which usually result in high regional transportation costs and shorter distances between stations, which in turn negatively affect commercial speed
2)Singapore possesses good connectivity already, there are 3 MRT lines connected with HSR terminal at Jurong East, playing as a transportation hub with well-planned and well-executed project.

B.2 Partnership
Japan: Private
France: Public
Germany: Public
Spain: Public with high subsidies
Italy: Public-Private (when the private firm withdrew their capital from the partnership, the private share was acquired by State Railway in 1998, ending with the government increased higher subsidies)
United States: Private firm but applied USD 1.5 billion loan from the Federal Railroad Administration, paid back with interest over 25 year. It was considered as kind of taxpayer funding. 

B.3 Political pressure
Japan: Leading to financial crisis in 1987 
German: Leading to construction overruns
Spain: To fulfill the political aim 

Part B Questions:
1)We urge the government to disclose the details of partnership contract and must be transparency.
2) Will the toll fee of North-South highway be increased due to the minimum profits / returns promised by government to the highway company?

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 Part C

C.1 Structural design & Economic cost
Germany: 1) multipurpose HSR system
                 2) Serve freight traffic more
                 3) Upgrade existing line
                 4) Give up commercial speed

C.2 Construction cost
Japan: 1) High land price
Germany: 1) high upgrading & operating cost
                 2) Construction cost overruns due to building delay
                 3) Increase in construction cost due to natural terrain, urban structure
                 4) Dual function
Italy: 1) increase in construction cost

C.3 Profitability
Japan 
(Tokyo-Osaka)
France (Paris-Lyon)
German 
(Koln-Frankfurt)
China
(Beijing-Shanghai)
Population
(million)
Tokyo : 35 
Osaka : 18 
Paris : 12 
Lyon : 
Koln : 
Frankfurt : 5 
Beijing : 24 
Shanghai : 34

Annual passengers usage
(million)
155 (2014)
20 (2010)
9 (2010)
7440.2 
(2013)
Total population
(million) 
127 (2014) 
66 (2014) 
80 (2014) 

Ridership/year:-
Japan: 155 mil (2014)
France: 20 mil (2010)
             - Profitable with min 12% return
Germany: 9 mil (2010)
                 - high turnover on freight transport
Spain: 1.4 mil (1995)
           - only small population being served
           - high subsidy, low profitability
           - high investment, low profitability 



Things to note:
1) The annual passengers usage of France HSR system is 20 mil in 2010. Malaysia SPAD estimated Malaysia HSR system will obtain 24 mil ridership annually. However, due to the large population of France (66 mil) and well-connections of transportation within nationwide, France HSR system satisfies population demand and is profitable with min 12% returns.

2) The annual passengers usage of Spain HSR system is 1.4 mil in 1995. The population of main cities of HSR route is 13.4 mil (Madrid, Barcelona and Sevilla) in total. This statistic is similar to SG-KL HSR route with 13.7 mil (Kuala Lumpur, Johor Bahru and Singapore) in total. It should be taken note that there is poor performance due to low volume of traffic and the potential demand does not compensate for the high investment in Spain case. While Malaysia possesses smaller population (23.5 mil), Spain has larger population (46.5 mil), it is necessary to doubt the estimation of annual ridership of SG-KL HSR route (24 mil) whether it is viable.

C.4 Tunnel effect / territorial polarization
Japan: 1) services industries concentrated in Tokyo and Osaka
           2) Employment fall in Nagoya, increase in Osaka, Kyoto and Kobe
           3) Retail industry in Tokyo 
- The fall in employment in Nagoya was estimated at around 30% from 1955 to 1970. The increase in employment in Osaka, Kyoto and Kobe was 35%. 
France: 1) Paris grows larger as a metropolitan centre
             2) there is no economic growth in weak economic cities
             3) Paris as centralization of transportation hub, population, economic service

C.5 Population growth
Japan: Shows no significant relationship with the establishment of HSR stations
Spain: 1) no population growth 
           2) no housing growth

C.6 Economic impact
Japan: 1) employment growth 
           2) Land value increase
           3) Services, retails, tourism industry growth
           4) increase in business trips
           5) decrease in overnight stays
France: 1) increase traffic volume
             2) increase in business trips
             3) decrease in overnight stays
             4) no impact on economic growth outside Paris
             5) Lyon has better image in attracting firm establishment
Germany: 1) freight transport contributes more turnover
2) Operational deficits due to low population densities, urban structure and high connectivity cost
Spain: 1) small traffic, low profitability
           2) no economic growth
           3) no new firm establish
           4) better cities images
Singapore planned: -economic hub
                                -transportation hub
                                -offices, retails, hotels 

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Discussions:
1) Since the case of Japan shows that services, retails, tourism industry grow due to HSR stations building, the government should carry out a plan to boost these several sectors.

2) According to the case of France, big city such as Lyon has better image in attracting third sector firms - mainly regional offices from Paris- that improves Lyon's image, the government can thus consider to launch out a plan which can promote cities' images with HSR stations.

Similar situation happened in Spain, while there is no positive economic growth in Spain, there are better cities' images brought by HSR stations building.

3) Based on the case of Germany, freight transport contributes more turnover, the government can consider to provide freight services with HSR system. I believe this is a beneficial plan if Malaysia HSR can carry out freight services. 

While Singapore is the financial centre and transportation hub, by accelerating volume of trading with freight services can further enhance the financial competitiveness of KL.

4) As citizen / users, we hope the HSR fares can be cheaper than air fares so that it is affordable to most of the people. 

5) Singapore case
*Singapore already announced their plan on Jurong East HSR terminal: 
                                                       -economic hub
                                                       -transportation hub
                                                       -offices, retails, hotels
Singapore possesses good connectivity already, there are 3 MRT lines connected with HSR terminal, playing as a transportation hub 
- We can see that Singapore is very cautious and experiencing low risk in building HSR system while there is only one station in the city-state and it is the terminal of SG-KL route. However, there are many HSR stations in Malaysia with no regional plans for each station until now.

6) Nusajaya case
If the government plans to boost the economic growth of Nusajaya, there is already case study showing that there will be a failure if the motivation is only economic growth, the government need to reconsider and calculate the benefits / economic impacts of HSR station. 

Japan and France with high passengers usage is mainly due to the huge demand on HSR to travel between mega cities. Are there really mega cities or metropolitan centres available in our country to fulfill sufficient ridership in order to break even the construction cost and operational cost?

Singapore has already well-planned for Jurong East terminal in services, retails, tourism, business, hotels sectors which has already proved to be beneficial in economic growth of HSR stations area. How is the planned development of Nusajaya in accordance with HSR station building?

Based on the Germany case, there is operational deficits on connectivity. Due to low population densities of small towns and widespread of towns, it increases operational cost in arranging connectivity from towns to towns or towns to HSR stations. 

If the connectivity is not goodit is time consumed and is difficult to compete with air transport
If the connectivity is good: it is costing by bringing people from JB to Nusajaya. And Germnay case is already the lesson. (However, Germany gains returns from freight transportation) 

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Conclusion:
1) The government needs to well-plan the project before implementing.

2) The government needs to explain clearly to the public about HSR project.

3) The government must be transparency in details of partnership contract and calculation of costing.

4) The government needs to consider the arrangement of connectivity and existing transportation means of each HSR stations and regional impacts. The public have the right to know the details of regional plans before executing.

5) The government needs to clarify the motivation and economic impacts brought by HSR stations before launching out the project.

6) The government should make full efforts to minimize negative impacts as this project is related to the people. 
















Tuesday, May 5, 2015

士都蘭區州議員曾笳恩將在新一季州議會, 針對高鐵、房地產課題提問

新一季州議會新聞文告

士都蘭區州議員曾笳恩將在下月舉行的新一季州議會上,針對州內議題,包括高鐵、福利金、房地產等議題,提出十一道問題,希望州政府相關部門能認真且專業回復,不應再以模稜兩可的回復敷衍了事。

他指出,州政府在上一季的州議會以以敷衍了事和不專業的手法,回復他提出的問題,許多回復以答非所問的方式,含糊帶過,且沒有提供問題中要求列明的明確數據,使州議員在深入研究相關議題時,因為官方數據不足而面臨阻礙。

他提到,在來臨的州議會,他將針對高鐵、福利金、房地產、公務員、旅遊業、航空業、發展項目、基建、保留地、搬遷賠償金等議題,向州政府發出提問,希望州政府不再敷衍了事,必須認真嚴謹,並且專業地回復州議員的問題。

他針對州內課題所擬定的州議會提問如下:
1) 請列出高鐵(HSR)計劃所有重要的事項和數據,包括高鐵站的確切位置(不是高鐵站的座落地區或城市,是確實的地點)。

2) 基於人民生活負擔漸漸困難,福利局是否有意提高福利金,以及重擬申請條件,以便讓更多有需要人士獲得幫助?

3) 柔州政府做了甚麼努力,來平衡公共服務領域的公務員種族結構比例?

4) 州政府在面對依斯干達特區房地產供應過剩的情況,有何對策應對房地產泡沫爆破的副作用?

5) 請說出所有柔州在2014年和2015年推出的新興旅遊產品,以及如何宣傳作來持續和永久推動柔州旅遊業。

6) 為了促進柔州和中國以及亞洲的來往貿易,為甚麼自士乃機場起飛,前往中國和亞洲主要城市的直航班機,提出這麼久以來,至今仍未啟航?

7) 計劃建設在努沙再也門戶(Gerbang Nusajaya)的亞洲貿易中心Asian Trade Centre(中國廣場China Mall),至今仍未兌現,請問這項發展項目現在的發展情況,以及延遲的原因。

8) 基於新山大馬小販中心和巴剎的基建很多已毀壞,州政府是否計劃協助居民提升基礎設施,還是當地小販和商家將在不久後被指示搬遷?

9) 當政府將一片土地在憲報中列為保留地,當局會在憲報中清楚列明保留地的管理人或管理單位。請問坐落在新山市中心Jalan Inderaputra的保留地Lot Tanah 473,誰是當局指定的管理人或管理單位?

10) 柔佛州控股和其子公司,以及柔州政府官聯公司的董事會成員薪資,不能被公開,請問有甚麼合理依據來支撐?

11) 州政府或土地發展商面對居民生活艱困的情況,是否將支付合理的搬遷賠償金,給予被指示搬遷的Kampung Desa Melayu居民?


国家的替代收入

国家的替代收入

国过度依赖天然资源长期以来没有研发有效的替代收入目前马币疲弱国际石油价下滑,收入减少,国家负债情況下,造成国家经济面临无从续发展的局面。

政府应该努力发展高科技工业并打造稳固的品牌。从独立至今,我国几乎忽略了这块经济大蛋糕。我国不如其他先进國,拥有独一无二產品及品牌,如手機、手錶、汽車、飞机,工业器材,相机等或其他高科技的产品,若提起產品就会让人联想到该国家。

以美国太空业为例,它是经过多年的发展及努力才有如此高科技技術,而不是单单把太空人送上太空就等於发展太空事业。不认真,没有使命感,腐败,敷衍了事都是发展高科技事业的绊脚石。我国的丹绒马林普腾城市及佈特拉再也的多媒体走廊,就是半途而废的典型例子。

发展高科技工业需要长远视野,规划持续发展的使命和決心,也需要大量的人才支配。美国在六十年代初期,就了解了一个道理:“只要能够从太空看地球,美国就可以成为世界强国”。当时的美国总统肯尼迪就下定决心,发展高科技的太空事业。肯尼迪在1962年《我们选择上月球》的演说表示:“为何我们要爬最高的山?为何35年前,我们要飞跨大西洋?我们今天选择要上月球。不是因为他容易,也不是因为他难,是因为这目标能让我们组织及衡量我们的能量及技术。这个挑战是我们愿意接受的,也是我们不愿意拖延的,这挑战是我们想征服的”。

如今,经过几十年的不间断的研发及创新,美国高科技太空业的延伸產品,也让高科技普及化,融入生活,使各領域都需要太空科技,如通讯、广播、海陆空交通、地理研究等,其中谷歌地球和谷歌地图就是一例。美国研发高科技太空產品,如卫星科技术、导航系统等,都是能改变人民生活方式的跨時代產品,不只引領世界潮流,同時帶來龙大经济收益。

美国在发展高科技工业的远见,决心,让它带来龙大的收入,成为了世界强国。可是我国政府到现在都还没有拟定长远规划培育高科技人才,发展较能累计财富的高科技产,不只导致人才流失,更出現人才真空。

我们不能继续停留在人才真空的体系中。到底是人才短缺造成无法支撑高科工业?还是没有科工业的崛起,导致人才没有发挥的空间,而外流?

高科工业及人才是相辅相成的。有远见的政府,将会利用人才优势,让高科工业及其延伸产品,带来源源不绝的替代收入,不需太过依赖天然资源的收入。

曾笳恩 03/05/2015,中国报 柔舌鐵齒,《家国恩典》