Introduction
Government enacted Competition Act 2010 to increase competitiveness of market and protect consumer from high prices of products and services with good intention. However, Competition Act 2010 does not restrict the power of government, causing government monopolizes market with administrative power which is unfavourable to people.
Based on the situation of governmental monopoly, there are five monopolistic behaviour conducted by government, including 1) Refuse to supply, 2) Control the approval of permit is an implementation of an oligopoly, 3) The complexity of bureaucratic system, 4) Sole provider in high-tech industry market and 5) Price Fixing.
1) Refuse to supply
The government shut down related counters and refuse to provide public services that should be provided by government departments originally. The public services are granted to other private companies to provide services. It privatizes the public services. People are forced to use public services via private companies. This fosters nepotism and benefits companies of cronies. By refusing to supply, the government forces people to use public services provided by sole private company, in fact, it is a kind of monopolistic behaviour.
Example: MyEG system. Originally, the services of the application and renewal of foreign workers should be provided by immigration officers of Ministry of Home Affairs. The government closed related counters and granted the only private company to perform the public services, so that people are forced to use private services and pay for the fees. This is indeed a monopoly in disguise.
2) Control the approval of permit is an implementation of an oligopoly
When dealing with the approval of permits in specific industry, the government only opens to several private companies to obtain permits. This is performing administrative powers to restrict other non-government private enterprises to enter specific areas, so that the permitted private enterprises can be oligopolistic companies in specific areas, becoming the exclusive providers in huge market. This is also a kind of monopolistic behaviour.
Example: Malaysia Airlines and Air Asia in Malaysia’s aviation industry mainly aimed at high class and low class market respectively, in order to occupy two different market segments of aviation industry. The government should adjust aviation policy, liberalize the air permits and landing rights, so that more other aviation companies can enter aviation market.
3) The complexity of bureaucratic system
When SMEs apply for permits from government, the procedures are complicated and subject to complexity of bureaucracy system to obtain approval. Moreover, there is no standard procedures and screening norms regulated by government. Some non-government related enterprises cannot obtain permits while some companies of cronies get approval without meeting criteria exactly. This fosters the situation of nepotism.
Example: Some businessmen from advertising industry claimed that it is difficult for them to obtain permits. Meanwhile, other government related companies always can obtain permits smoothly. They question the government that the standard of application procedure and criteria is not clear.
4) Sole provider in high-tech industry market
In domestic high-tech industries, there is only a private company providing related products and services, forcing people to consume the products and services provided by the sole provider. It shows that people have no other choice and force to consume regardless of the price.
Example: High-tech industries such as electricity industry in Malaysia is mainly controlled by sole company. For instance, in Malay Peninsula, the electricity company is TNB, Sarawak is Sarawak Energy, Sabah is Sabah Electricity. There is only single supplier for electricity in each area. There is no other choice for public except using the supplied power from these power companies even the price is high.
According to Wikipedia, other countries have more than one power company, there are 16 in Australia, 14 in Britain, 21 in Belgium, 9 in Japan, 30 in New Zealand, more than 50 in United States and over 30 in Canada and so on.
Besides, according to Energy Commission of Malaysia, its responsibility is to ensure that electricity tariff in the country reflect fair pricing which is affordable to consumers and less costly to production industries and commercial enterprises.
However, under the protection of government, TNB charges high electricity fees from the people. Does Energy Commission of Malaysia bear its responsibility? Government enacted the law but did not implement actually. Ultimately, only cronies companies benefit from it while people gain disadvantages.
5) Price Fixing
Through price fixing, government benefits companies of cronies, such as restrictions on the price of oil companies. It is regulated by government that other oil companies must fix the oil prices at a certain level and can not be cheaper than Petronas. Consumers are forced to buy expensive oil as a result.
According to Competition Act 2010, government enacted the law that enterprises cannot fix prices. However, while oil prices is fluctuated, other oil companies and suppliers are not allowed to sell oil lower than RM1.91 per litre, it is a kind of monopolistic behaviour in disguise.
It is urged that the government should allow other oil companies and petrol station operators to conduct self-pricing and allow competition in the market, so that oil prices will fall and benefit people.
Conclusion
Government uses administrative power to occupy dominant position and monopolizes the market, just like the government competing with people to do business.
MyEG system is a prominent case showing that government use administrative power to monopolize market. The government is fighting with the people for seizing on huge market. Normal people cannot compete with government at all. This is because the government develops the business rules of the game to monopolize the market, stand a more beneficial position to gain competitive advantage than the people.
Government should help the people start a business, open up business platform for entrepreneurs to expand business territory. Government can also assist small business to develop into SMEs and further develop as large enterprises.
By providing business opportunities instead of monopolizing, the government should create a healthy business environment for people running business so that the country can enjoy more stable economic development.
馬來西亞政府如何壟斷企業？
政府制定的2010年競爭法令，加強市場的競爭性，保障消費者以免購買高價產品和服務，立意良好，但卻讓政府免於此法令約束，使政府有權力實行壟斷舉措，危害民眾利益。
綜觀國內企業壟斷的情況，政府採用五項手法，進行壟斷行為，包括１）拒絕供應；２）控制准證審批，實行寡頭壟斷；３）複雜化官僚體系；４）僅由一家企業進入高科技工業相關市場；５）制定固定價格。
１）拒絕供應
原本應由政府提供服務的部門，政府關閉相關櫃台，授予其他私人公司提供服務，將公營服務私營化。此舉迫使民眾申請和政府相關服務時，必須通過私人公司，利惠裙帶關係的朋黨公司。政府通過拒絕供應民眾所需服務，逼使民眾使用唯一私人公司提供的服務，實為一種壟斷行為。
例子：MyEG系統。原本外勞更新工作准證的工作和服務應由內政部移民局官員執行，政府卻交由私人公司提供相關服務，關閉移民局相關櫃台，政府通過拒絕供應的方式，讓民眾被迫使用私人提供的服務，此舉實為變相壟斷。
２）控制准證的審批，實行寡頭壟斷
政府在特定業界審批准證時，只開放讓幾家私人公司獲得准證，以行政上的執行權力，限制其他和政府無關的私人企業進入特定領域，讓能獲得准證的幾家私人企業，成為某特定領域的寡頭公司，獨佔龐大市場。此舉也是一種壟斷行為。
例子：我國航空業也以馬航和亞航為主，分別瞄準高低階層的市場，政府應調整航空政策，開放航空准證和著陸權。
３）官僚體系的複雜化
中小型企業向政府申請准證，手續複雜，需經過重重官僚體系才能獲得批准，而且沒有統一程序和篩選規範，一些和政府沒有關係的企業經常不獲批准，而政府交好的企業則獲批，助長裙帶朋黨之風。
例子：廣告業者向政府申請准證，經常不被批准，而其他和政府有關係的公司則順利申請，讓業者不明政府的准證申請程序和條件究竟為何？
４）僅由一家企業進入高科技工業相關市場
國內高科技相關的工業，僅有一家私人企業提供相關產品和服務，迫使民眾只能選擇那間唯一公司提供的產品和服務，沒有其他選擇，不論價格高低只能強迫消費。
例子：高科技工業如電力業和航空業，在我國主要由一家公司掌控，如馬來半島的電力公司是TNB，砂拉越是Sarawak Energy，沙巴是Sabah Electricity，都是單一供應商，民眾也是僅能使用由這些電力公司提供的電力，就算價格高也沒有其他選擇。
根據維基百科，其他國家都有一家以上的電力公司，如澳洲有16家、英國有14家、比利時有21家、日本有9家、紐西蘭有30家、美國超過50家、加拿大超過30家等等。
５）制定固定價格
政府通過制定固定價格，利惠朋黨公司，如限制各石油公司必須將價格固定在某個水平，不得低於國油（Petronas）的油價，使消費者被迫買貴油。
例子：以我國醫療業為例，政府中央醫院設備不完善，政府又限制其他醫療業者，迫使民眾前往和政府有關聯的私人醫院，如KPJ專科醫院、鷹閣醫院，支付昂貴醫藥費。
Conclusion
最近MyEG網上服務系統引起各行各業的抗議聲浪，再度引起企業和民眾的關注，士都蘭區州議員曾笳恩指出，政府利用行政權力佔據主導位置（dominant position）壟斷市場，形同政府和人民搶飯碗做生意。
他指出，MyEG網上服務系統此案例，實為政府利用權勢進行壟斷行為的手法，此舉等同政府與人民搶飯碗，平民完全無法與政府競爭。
「這是因為政府制定商業遊戲規則，壟斷市場，比人民佔據競爭優勢。」
政府應協助人民創業，開拓商業平台，讓企業家擴大商業版圖，也讓從事小生意者可發展為中小企業，再進一步發展為大企業。通過提供商家機會，可讓國民努力經營事業，營造健康的生意環境，包括政府都不應有任何壟斷行為，使國家經濟更穩健發展。
例子：廣告業者向政府申請准證，經常不被批准，而其他和政府有關係的公司則順利申請，讓業者不明政府的准證申請程序和條件究竟為何？
４）僅由一家企業進入高科技工業相關市場
國內高科技相關的工業，僅有一家私人企業提供相關產品和服務，迫使民眾只能選擇那間唯一公司提供的產品和服務，沒有其他選擇，不論價格高低只能強迫消費。
例子：高科技工業如電力業和航空業，在我國主要由一家公司掌控，如馬來半島的電力公司是TNB，砂拉越是Sarawak Energy，沙巴是Sabah Electricity，都是單一供應商，民眾也是僅能使用由這些電力公司提供的電力，就算價格高也沒有其他選擇。
根據維基百科，其他國家都有一家以上的電力公司，如澳洲有16家、英國有14家、比利時有21家、日本有9家、紐西蘭有30家、美國超過50家、加拿大超過30家等等。
５）制定固定價格
政府通過制定固定價格，利惠朋黨公司，如限制各石油公司必須將價格固定在某個水平，不得低於國油（Petronas）的油價，使消費者被迫買貴油。
例子：以我國醫療業為例，政府中央醫院設備不完善，政府又限制其他醫療業者，迫使民眾前往和政府有關聯的私人醫院，如KPJ專科醫院、鷹閣醫院，支付昂貴醫藥費。
Conclusion
最近MyEG網上服務系統引起各行各業的抗議聲浪，再度引起企業和民眾的關注，士都蘭區州議員曾笳恩指出，政府利用行政權力佔據主導位置（dominant position）壟斷市場，形同政府和人民搶飯碗做生意。
他指出，MyEG網上服務系統此案例，實為政府利用權勢進行壟斷行為的手法，此舉等同政府與人民搶飯碗，平民完全無法與政府競爭。
「這是因為政府制定商業遊戲規則，壟斷市場，比人民佔據競爭優勢。」
政府應協助人民創業，開拓商業平台，讓企業家擴大商業版圖，也讓從事小生意者可發展為中小企業，再進一步發展為大企業。通過提供商家機會，可讓國民努力經營事業，營造健康的生意環境，包括政府都不應有任何壟斷行為，使國家經濟更穩健發展。
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